A comparison between the two types of cells is above. Eukaryotic cells are found in animals and plants, though the organelles can differ and contain a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells

 

 

 

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 A chloroplast is located in plant cells, helping it convert sun energy into food. It contains thylakoids, which are stackable chloroplast structures and contain photosynthetic pigments. When stacked together thylakoid form granum. And the fluid within the chloroplast is called stroma.

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The rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are a set of two different connected structures. Both are located on the a surrounding side of the nucleus. Their tubes connect with each other and lead into the nucleus.   

The basic unit of all forms of life is the cell.  It's a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it froms it's surroundings.

 

Cells are classified as being either Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic.

                 Eukaryotic        vs.        Prokaryotic

Has a nucleus                                     No nucleus       

No cell wall                                         Has a cell wall

Has a cytoskeleton                             No cytoskeleton

Has a mitochondria                            No mitochondria 

Has a Golgi apparatus                         No Golgi apparatus

Has an endoplasmic reticulum            No endoplasmic reticulum 

                                Both have a cell membrane

                                Both have ribosomes

                                Both have cytoplasm

                                Both reproduce

                                Both grow and respond to their environment

The Parts of a Cell

Cells consist of many different parts called organelles. An organelle is a special structure in a eukaryotic cell that performs certain functions.   

  • Nucleus - is a large structure within some cells that contains the cell's genetic DNA and controls the activities of the cell
  • Nucleolus - Is a small, dense region located in most nuclei, here ribosomes are assembled
  • Nuclear Envelope - A double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus
  • Chromatin - Is material that's visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
  • Vesicle - cell secretions (hormones) are packaged in the vesicles at the Golgi apparatus and then released from cell
  • Vacuole - Stores material like; water, salt, protein and carbohydrates. They also isloate things that may be harmful to the cell and contain waste and maintain internal pressure.
  • Lysome - filled with enzymes needed to break down certain material within a cell
  • Centrioles - one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells, near the nuclear envelope, help with cell division.
  • Ribosome - a small particle in the cell where proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
  • Microtubules - hollow tubes of protein that help maintain the cell's shape and serve as a track that organelles move on  
  • Mitochondrion - releases energy from stored food molecules. Also a supplier of ATP (an energy source for cells) and most of the cell's energy
  • Chloroplast - found in plant cells and convert sun energy into food
  • Golgi Apparatus - a stack of membranes, where enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)  - ribsomes cover the surface. Newly made proteins move from the ribosomes into the rough ER, where they can be chemically modified
  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulu (Smooth ER) - Doesn't have ribosomes attached to the surface. Contains collections of enzymes that performs specialized tasks; like the synthesis of lipids
  • Cytoplasm - material inside of the cell membrane; doesn't include the nucleus, helps hold the organelles in place
  • Cell Membrane - a thin, flexible barrier around cell; regulates what enters and exits a cell
  • Cell Wall - outer most barrier of some cells, providing support and protection

The above picture is of a Eukaryotic cell, within an animal. It consists of many organelles, containing some that others do not, and missing some that others have. Organelles it does not contain are the cell wall, chloroplasts, etc.  

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The above picture is of a Eukaryotic cell within a plant. Though the positioning of the organelles can differ throughout plant cells, this is a general example. Several organells that are found in plant cells, but not animal cells are the chloroplast, cell wall, centrosome, etc.



 
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